{"id":49392,"date":"2018-01-08T20:30:27","date_gmt":"2018-01-08T17:30:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/?page_id=49392"},"modified":"2018-01-08T20:30:27","modified_gmt":"2018-01-08T17:30:27","slug":"diabetul-zaharat","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/ro\/boli-si-tratament\/boli-endocrine\/diabetul-zaharat\/","title":{"rendered":"Diabetul zaharat"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Diabetul zaharat e o stare, \u00een care se deregleaz\u0103 schimbul de carbohidra\u021bi, iar pe fundal se \u00eencalc\u0103 schimbul de proteine, gr\u0103simi, ap\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103ruri minerale, asociate cu un deficit absolut sau relativ de insulin\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Diabet&#8221; \u00een limba greac\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 &#8220;expirare&#8221;, iar &#8220;diabet zaharat&#8221;&#8211;&#8220;pierz\u00e2nd zah\u0103r&#8221;. Boala const\u0103 \u00een pierderea zah\u0103rului, care este eliminat din organism \u00eempreun\u0103 cu urina.<\/p>\n<h3>Cauzele diabetului<\/h3>\n<p>Cauza de dezvoltare a bolii este \u00eenc\u0103lcarea schimbului de glucide \u00een organism: pancreasul nu produce suficient\u0103 insulin\u0103, fie hormonul nu e de calitatea necesar\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Cauzele disfunc\u021biilor de pancreas sunt neclare, dar oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 sugereaz\u0103, c\u0103 are o etiologia viral\u0103. Unii speciali\u0219ti consider\u0103, c\u0103 boala poart\u0103 un caracter ereditar.<\/p>\n<p>Diabetul nu e contagios, boala nu trece de la o persoan\u0103 bolnav\u0103 la cea s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103. De multe ori se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103, c\u0103 boala e de natur\u0103 simptomatic\u0103, adic\u0103 semnalizeaz\u0103 diverse st\u0103ri patologice, de exemplu, \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103ri \u00een activitatea glandelor endocrine (pancreatice, suprarenale sau hipofizare). Diabetul zaharat simptomatic se poate manifesta ca fenomen secundar, dup\u0103 administrarea unor medicamente. Aceast\u0103 stare patologic\u0103 trece, \u00een cazul, \u00een care este exclus\u0103 pricina sau factorii, care o provoac\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3>Tipurile de diabet zaharat<\/h3>\n<p>Speciali\u0219tii atest\u0103 adev\u0103ratul diabet zaharat de dou\u0103 tipuri:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>primul \u2014 dependent de insulin\u0103; anterior, el a fost numit tineresc; el infecteaz\u0103 persoanele de p\u00e2n\u0103 la treizeci de ani; aceast\u0103 stare boln\u0103vicioas\u0103 reprezint\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la cincisprezece la sut\u0103 din num\u0103rul total al pacien\u021bilor;<\/li>\n<li>al doilea \u2014 independent de insulin\u0103 (diabetul adul\u021bilor).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Boal\u0103, mai ales de primul tip, necesit\u0103 o permanent\u0103 introducere a dozei de insulin\u0103 pe parcursul \u00eentregii vie\u021bi.<\/p>\n<h3>Diabetul zaharat de primul tip: cauzele de dezvoltare a bolii<\/h3>\n<p>Oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 consider\u0103 drept cauz\u0103 principal\u0103 de dezvoltare a acestui tip de diabet zaharat, atacarea de c\u0103tre viru\u0219ii beta-celule a insuli\u021belor Langerhans ale glandei pancreatice.<\/p>\n<p>La mul\u021bi bolnavi maladia este provocat\u0103 anume de bolile virale: hepatita viral\u0103, rubeola, oreionul sau parotidita. Dar viru\u0219ii afecteaz\u0103 celulele beta numai \u00een cazul, \u00een care o persoan\u0103 are o predispozi\u021bie genetic\u0103 la boli sau anomalii \u00een func\u021bionarea sistemului imunitar.<\/p>\n<p>Medicina modern\u0103, prin metode de determinare \u00een s\u00e2nge a unor proteine-antigen, permite de a stabili, dac\u0103 aceast\u0103 persoan\u0103 are predispozi\u021bie la boal\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Diabetul zaharat de al doilea tip: obezitatea \u0219i boala merg \u00eentr-un pas<br \/>\nDe acest tip de boal\u0103 sufer\u0103 aproximativ 85 % din to\u021bi pacien\u021bii. \u00cen cele mai multe cazuri, aceste persoane au un exces de greutate sau de obezitate de diferite grade. Acest lucru \u00eenseamn\u0103, c\u0103 boala \u0219i obezitatea merg m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een m\u00e2n\u0103. La pacien\u021bii cu acest tip de diabet, pancreasul produce suficient\u0103 insulin\u0103, dar celulele \u0219i \u021besuturile organismului nu percep semnalul specific.<\/p>\n<h3>Diabetul zaharat: simptome<\/h3>\n<p>Semnele st\u0103rii patologice se manifest\u0103, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, prin accelerarea form\u0103rii de urin\u0103. Se merge la toalet\u0103 foarte des, av\u00eend o cantitate mare de urin\u0103. Aceast\u0103 stare se nume\u0219te poliurie. \u00cen acest caz apare o permanent\u0103 sete \u2014 polidipsia.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cempreun\u0103 cu urina se pierde \u0219i glucoza \u0219i atunci se acutizeaz\u0103 senza\u021bia de foame. Persoana consum\u0103 multe alimente \u0219i se \u00eengra\u0219\u0103. Principalul semn al diabetului zaharat \u2013 un nivel crescut de zah\u0103r \u00een s\u00e2nge. Omul devine somnoros, repede obose\u0219te, simte m\u00e2nc\u0103rime \u00een zona perineala, scade vederea.<\/p>\n<p>Este perturbat\u0103 circula\u021bia s\u00e2ngelui \u00een membrele inferioare \u0219i superioare, r\u0103u se vindec\u0103 r\u0103nile, pe corp apar ulcere trofice, este inhibat\u0103 activitatea vital\u0103 a \u00eentregului organism. Picioarele \u00een diabetul zaharat se acoper\u0103 cu r\u0103ni. Acesta este rezultatul permeabilit\u0103\u021bii vaselor periferice \u0219i deteriorarea termina\u021biilor nervoase.<\/p>\n<h3>Alimenta\u021bia \u00een diabetul zaharat<\/h3>\n<p>Alimenta\u021bia trebuie s\u0103 fie ra\u021bional\u0103. Vitaminele, excluderea produselor, care con\u021bin carbohidra\u021bi u\u0219or asimila\u021bi (zah\u0103r, p\u00e2ine alb\u0103 de gr\u00e2u \u0219i produse de patiserie, bomboane \u0219i dulciuri, fructe \u0219i pomu\u0219oare cu con\u021binut ridicat de glucoz\u0103) \u2013 o condi\u021bie de baz\u0103 pentru dieta in diabetul zaharat.<\/p>\n<h3>Tratamentul diabetului zaharat<\/h3>\n<p>Tratamentul este desemnat de un endocrinolog, \u00een func\u021bie de tipul de st\u0103ri patologice \u0219i a tabloului clinic.<br \/>\nDiabetul zaharat, cum cred endocrinologii, nu este o boal\u0103, ci un mod de via\u021b\u0103. Dac\u0103 \u00een mod constant se respect\u0103 dieta, recomand\u0103rile speciali\u0219tilor \u0219i se monitorizeaz\u0103 nivelul de zah\u0103r din s\u00e2nge, atunci se poate tr\u0103i o via\u021b\u0103 lung\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Tabelul diabetului zaharat arat\u0103, c\u0103 nivelul de zah\u0103r \u00een s\u00e2nge odat\u0103 cu v\u00e2rsta cre\u0219te. E necesar ca bolnavul s\u0103 respecte doza zilnic\u0103 de glucide . \u00cen a\u0219a caz nu va cre\u0219te nivelul de zah\u0103r din s\u00e2nge ce va permite de a duce o via\u021b\u0103 plin\u0103 de satisfac\u021bii.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Diabetul zaharat e o stare, \u00een care se deregleaz\u0103 schimbul de carbohidra\u021bi, iar pe fundal se \u00eencalc\u0103 schimbul de proteine, gr\u0103simi, ap\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103ruri minerale, asociate cu un deficit absolut sau relativ de insulin\u0103. &#8220;Diabet&#8221; \u00een limba greac\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 &#8220;expirare&#8221;, iar &#8220;diabet zaharat&#8221;&#8211;&#8220;pierz\u00e2nd zah\u0103r&#8221;. Boala const\u0103 \u00een pierderea zah\u0103rului, care este eliminat din organism \u00eempreun\u0103 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":0,"parent":47544,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-49392","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Diabetul zaharat<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Diabetul zaharat e o stare, \u00een care se deregleaz\u0103 schimbul de carbohidra\u021bi, iar pe fundal se \u00eencalc\u0103 schimbul de proteine,\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/ro\/boli-si-tratament\/boli-endocrine\/diabetul-zaharat\/\" \/>\n<meta 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