{"id":51341,"date":"2018-01-29T18:29:30","date_gmt":"2018-01-29T15:29:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/?page_id=51341"},"modified":"2018-01-29T18:29:30","modified_gmt":"2018-01-29T15:29:30","slug":"adenomul-prostatei","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/ro\/boli-si-tratament\/boli-masculine\/adenomul-prostatei\/","title":{"rendered":"Adenomul prostatei"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Prostata este o gland\u0103 exocrin\u0103 (secretul produs iese \u00een afar\u0103) a sistemului urogenital la b\u0103rbati.\u00a0Ea e situat\u0103 \u00eentre rect \u0219i simfiza pubian\u0103.\u00a0Se compune din 2 p\u0103r\u021bi, conectate printr-un istm, care este adiacent la partea de jos a vezicii urinare.\u00a0Uretra trece prin prostat\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Adenomul de prostat\u0103 sau HBP apare la b\u0103rba\u0163i la varsta adult\u0103.\u00a0Se dezvolt\u0103 din contul hiperplaziei (m\u0103ririi) glandei para uretrale.\u00a0E un neoplasm benign.\u00a0Conform studiilor, maladia se dezvolt\u0103 la b\u0103rba\u0163i la v\u00e2rsta de 45 de ani (10 &#8211; 12% din toate cazurile) \u0219i 80 de ani (80-82%).\u00a0Dup\u0103 80 de ani adenomul de prostat\u0103 \u00eel are fiecare b\u0103rbat. Este, de asemenea, cunoscut faptul, c\u0103 este o tumoare benign\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3>Motivele<\/h3>\n<p>Principalul motiv al apari\u021biei unei tumori de acest tip nu este complet determinat.\u00a0Exist\u0103 o teorie, care presupune o corela\u021bie \u00eentre prostatita cronic\u0103 \u0219i dezvoltarea adenomului. Dar teoria nu este adeverit\u0103 \u00een totalmente.\u00a0De asemenea, nu s-a constatat influen\u0163a alcoolului, fumatului, orient\u0103rii \u015fi activit\u0103\u0163ii sexuale, a inflama\u021biilor sistemului urogenital avute.<\/p>\n<p>S-a observat, c\u0103 v\u00e2rsta b\u0103rba\u021bilor influen\u021beaz\u0103 mult asupra dezvolt\u0103rii tumorilor.\u00a0Se crede c\u0103, odat\u0103 cu v\u00e2rsta la b\u0103rba\u021bi apare o dereglare hormonal\u0103, care se dezvolt\u0103 \u00een timpul menopauzei masculine (andropauz\u0103).<\/p>\n<p>Dar exist\u0103 \u0219i factori, care sporesc \u0219ansele de a dezvolta boala:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Factorul genetic.<\/li>\n<li>Obezitatea, care duce la tulbur\u0103ri metabolice.<\/li>\n<li>Tulbur\u0103ri de nutri\u021bie (mult\u0103 sare, bucate picante \u0219i grase).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Simptomele<\/h3>\n<p>Recent au fost stabilite 2 grupe: obstructive (care sunt asociate cu urinare dificil\u0103) si iritative (simptome de irita\u021bie).<\/p>\n<p>Se refer\u0103 grupului simptomelor obstructive:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sc\u0103derea vitezei de eliminare a urinei.<\/li>\n<li>Re\u0163inerea urin\u0103rii.\u00a0\u00cen timpul de relaxare a sfincterului urina nu se retrage imediat, dar dup\u0103 ceva timp.<\/li>\n<li>In timpul urin\u0103rii e necesar de \u00eencordat mu\u0219chii abdominali.<\/li>\n<li>Urinarea se produce prin por\u0163iuni nu \u00een flux continuu ca la o persoan\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Senza\u021bia de urinare incomplet\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>O persoan\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103 dup\u0103 urinare se simte u\u0219urat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Simptomele de iritare includ:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Poliuremia &#8211; frecven\u021b\u0103 mare a urin\u0103rilor ziua. Norma e de 5-6 ori pe zi, adenoma influen\u0163iaz\u0103 num\u0103rul acestora. Ele ajung p\u00een\u0103 la 20. \u00cen timpul nop\u021bii, chiar dac\u0103 vezica este plin\u0103, individul poate s\u0103 nu mearg\u0103 la viceu. Dar boala \u00eel provoac\u0103 pe b\u0103rbat s\u0103 se ridice adesea noaptea pentru a merge la toalet\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Stare, \u00een care exist\u0103 nevoia de a urina, dar ea nu se produce &#8211; dorin\u021b\u0103 fals\u0103. Acutizarea tuturor simptomelor de mai sus este rezultatul st\u0103rii psihosomatice a b\u0103rbatului.\u00a0El se simte inferior, pierde \u00eencrederea \u00een sine, se \u00eencisteaz\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Practica clinic\u0103 determin\u0103 simptomele, care depind de stadiul bolii:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Etapa 1 sau de compensare &#8211; reclama\u021bii \u0219i disconfort apar c\u00e2nd se produce golirea complet\u0103 a vezicii urinare.<\/li>\n<li>Etapa 2 sau subcompensare &#8211; e perturbat\u0103 de func\u0163ia vezicii urinare, care duce la o golire incomplet\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Etapa 3 sau decompensare &#8211; uretra este complet blocat\u0103, apare o disfunc\u021bie total\u0103 a vezicii urinare. Urina se va elimina sub form\u0103 de pic\u0103turi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Este de remarcat, disfunc\u0163ia musculaturii vezicii urinare, care expulzeaz\u0103 urina.\u00a0\u00cen cazul adenomului prostatic, apar disfunc\u021bii \u0219i instabilitate.\u00a0Ea este afectat\u0103 de sistemul adrenergic.<\/p>\n<h3>Diagnosticarea<\/h3>\n<p>\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, colect\u0103m anamneza.\u00a0Pacientul completeaz\u0103 un jurnal de urinare.<br \/>\nDiagnosticul \u00eel stabile\u015fte un urolog, care \u00eenf\u0103ptue\u015fte investiga\u0163iile degetale prin rect. Aceasta este principala metod\u0103 de diagnosticare.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen plus, se recomand\u0103:<\/p>\n<p>USP &#8211; care ar\u0103ta extinderea prostatei.\u00a0\u00cen paralel sunt examinate \u015fi alte organe. Este efectuat un studiu pentru a determina urina r\u0103mas\u0103, care este de mare valoare pentru a stabili, dac\u0103 pacientul are nevoie de o interven\u021bie chirurgical\u0103.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ecografia transrectal\u0103 permite s\u0103 stabileasc\u0103 dimensiunile exacte, consisten\u021ba, structura tumorii.<\/li>\n<li>Cistografia este o metod\u0103 eficient\u0103 de investigare a vezicii urinare.\u00a0\u00cen acest caz, se utilizeaz\u0103 un agent de contrast.<\/li>\n<li>RMN \u0219i scanarea CT organelor pelvine.\u00a0Acest studiu prezint\u0103 o imagine exact\u0103 \u0219i vie a prostatei. El ilustreaz\u0103 c\u00e2t a crescut \u015fi s-a extins \u00een organele vecine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Tratamentul<\/h3>\n<p>Alegerea tratamentului depinde de natura urin\u0103rii.\u00a0Pentru a stabili metoda tratamentului exist\u0103 o scar\u0103 &#8211; I-PSS, care define\u0219te func\u021biile tulbur\u0103rilor urinare: p\u00e2n\u0103 la 18 puncte \u2013 tratamentul e conservator, dup\u0103 18 &#8211; interven\u0163ie chirurgical\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Tratamentul conservator include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Alfa &#8211; blocante &#8211; Doxazosin, Terazosin \u0219i altele.<\/li>\n<li>Terapia antibiotic\u0103 pentru tratarea infec\u021biei secundare de prostat\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Probioticele dup\u0103 antibiotice &#8211; pentru a restabili microflora intestinal\u0103 normal\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Imunostimulante.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tratamentul chirurgical prin metodele:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Adenomectomia &#8211; \u00eendep\u0103rtarea adenomului prin cavitatea abdominal\u0103 deschis\u0103.\u00a0Opera\u021bia poate fi efectuat\u0103 sub anestezie general\u0103 sau anestezie spinal\u0103 sau epidural\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Rezec\u021bia transuretral\u0103 se realizeaz\u0103 prin metoda minim invaziv\u0103, prin uretr\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Dilatarea balonului &#8211; expansiunea uretrei \u00een glanda prostatic\u0103 printr-o metod\u0103 mecanic\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ca \u00een cazul oric\u0103rei interven\u021bii chirurgicale, exist\u0103 o serie de contraindica\u021bii &#8211; probleme ale sistemului respirator, sistemul cardiovascular, v\u00e2rsta \u00eenaintat\u0103, intoleran\u021ba la anestezie.<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 nu se \u00eentreprinde nimic pentru a vindeca adenomul de prostat\u0103, el poate trece \u00een cancer.\u00a0Pentru a determina natura tumorii, se efectueaz\u0103 o biopsie (se ia o bucat\u0103 de tumoare pentru examinarea histologic\u0103 la prezen\u021ba celulelor maligne).<\/p>\n<p>Prin urmare, detectarea \u0219i eliminarea \u00een timp util a bolii este important\u0103 &#8211; poate salva pacientul de cancer de prostat\u0103.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prostata este o gland\u0103 exocrin\u0103 (secretul produs iese \u00een afar\u0103) a sistemului urogenital la b\u0103rbati.\u00a0Ea e situat\u0103 \u00eentre rect \u0219i simfiza pubian\u0103.\u00a0Se compune din 2 p\u0103r\u021bi, conectate printr-un istm, care este adiacent la partea de jos a vezicii urinare.\u00a0Uretra trece prin prostat\u0103. Adenomul de prostat\u0103 sau HBP apare la b\u0103rba\u0163i la varsta adult\u0103.\u00a0Se dezvolt\u0103 din [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":0,"parent":52970,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-51341","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Adenomul prostatei<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Prostata este o gland\u0103 exocrin\u0103 (secretul produs iese \u00een afar\u0103) a sistemului urogenital la b\u0103rbati.\u00a0Ea e situat\u0103 \u00eentre rect \u0219i simfiza pubian\u0103.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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