{"id":51980,"date":"2018-02-04T14:29:24","date_gmt":"2018-02-04T11:29:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/?page_id=51980"},"modified":"2018-02-04T14:29:24","modified_gmt":"2018-02-04T11:29:24","slug":"astigmatism","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/ro\/boli-si-tratament\/boli-ale-ochiului\/astigmatism\/","title":{"rendered":"Astigmatism"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ametropia &#8211; tulbur\u0103ri de vedere din cauza unui viciu de refrac\u0163ie \u00een mediile transparente ale ochiului, ceea ce duce la distorsionarea concentr\u0103rii din spate. Aceste afec\u021biuni patologice includ astigmatismul, miopia \u0219i luminozitatea. Astigmatismul apare \u00een 10% din toate cazurile.<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 nu este tratat, se dezvolt\u0103 strabismul \u0219i o sc\u0103dere a vederii.<br \/>\nAstigmatism \u2013 defect al lentilelor sau al corneei \u015fi al cristalinului ochiului omensc, care const\u0103 \u00eentr-o abatere de la forma sferic\u0103, ele av\u00e2nd razele de curbur\u0103 diferite \u00een dou\u0103 planuri perpendiculare, ceea ce duce la diformarea imaginilor. Persoana vede obiectele ca fiind neclare, \u00eence\u021bo\u0219ate. Acest lucru se explic\u0103 prin prezen\u021ba diferitor tipuri de anomalii de refrac\u021bie pe unul sau ambii ochi.<\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103 3 grade de astigmatism:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gradul unu &#8211; slab, dioptr. nu mai mult de 3;<\/li>\n<li>Gradul doi \u2013 dioptr. de la 3 la 5;<\/li>\n<li>Gradul trei \u2013 dioptr. dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te 6.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Tipuri de astigmatism:<\/h3>\n<p>Astigmatismul asimetric duce la hipermetropie. Acesta este un defect de vedere provocat de faptul, c\u0103 diametrul anterioposterior al globului ocular este mai scurt dec\u00e2t cel normal, ceea ce determin\u0103 formarea imaginii \u00een spatele retinei.<\/p>\n<p>Astigmatismul miopic &#8211; prelungirea diametrului anterioposterior al globului ocular duce la miopie.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen func\u021bie de tipul de tulbur\u0103ri de refrac\u021bie, astigmatismul este calificat ca:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>simplu &#8211; se caracterizeaz\u0103 printr-o \u00eenc\u0103lcare a puterii refractive a unuia dintre meridiane.<\/li>\n<li>complex &#8211; ruperea for\u021bei de refrac\u021bie este prezent\u0103 imediat pe dou\u0103 meridiane, dar acestea pot avea grade diferite.<\/li>\n<li>mixt &#8211; caracterizat prin prezen\u021ba hipermetropiei la un meridian \u0219i miopie cu 2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mecanismul de apari\u021bie a bolii este \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit \u00een:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Congenital &#8212; cel mai frecvent astigmatism la copii. Deseori e ereditar: dac\u0103 cineva din familie are o astfel de patologie, \u0219ansele de astigmatism sunt mari.<\/li>\n<li>Dob\u00e2ndit &#8212; astigmatism tipic la adul\u021bi. Apare dup\u0103 interven\u021biile chirurgicale la nivelul ochiului, leziunile care au provocat modific\u0103rile cicatriciale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Cauzele astigmatismului:<\/h3>\n<p>Principala cauz\u0103 a astigmatismului dob\u00e2ndit este prezen\u021ba modific\u0103rilor cicatriciale \u00een ochi ca urmare a traumatiz\u0103rii membranelor ochiului.<\/p>\n<p>Acestea pot fi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Arsuri ale corneei.<\/li>\n<li>Boala ochilor, a pleoapelor sau a corneei.<\/li>\n<li>Interven\u021bii chirurgicale.<\/li>\n<li>Dislocarea sau subluxarea lentilei.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Simptomele<\/h3>\n<p>Diagnosticarea astigmatismului la copii este mai dificil\u0103, deoarece ei nu pot explica ce \u00eei \u00eengrijoreaz\u0103. Etapele timpurii ale astigmatismului se caracterizeaz\u0103 printr-o u\u0219oar\u0103 defocalizare a ochilor, care poate fi explicat\u0103 prin oboseal\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Simptome care ar trebui s\u0103 v\u0103 pun\u0103 \u00een gard\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 v\u0103 determine s\u0103 consulta\u0163i medicul:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pierderea clarit\u0103\u021bii vederii;<\/li>\n<li>arsuri in ochi;<\/li>\n<li>deformarea \u0219i neuniformitatea obiectelor vizibile;<\/li>\n<li>durere in ochi si \u00eenro\u015firea lor;<\/li>\n<li>dublarea imaginii;<\/li>\n<li>sentiment de disconfort.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pot ap\u0103rea ame\u021beli pe fonul dubl\u0103rii, dureri de cap de natur\u0103 pulsant\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3>Diagnosticarea<\/h3>\n<p>Diagnosticul \u0219i efectuarea cercet\u0103rilor le poate efectua doar un oftalmolog:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>controlul acuit\u0103\u021bii vizuale;<\/li>\n<li>definirea func\u021biei de refrac\u021bie \u0219i gradul de miopie sau hipermetropie;<\/li>\n<li>verificarea presiunii intraoculare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dup\u0103 diagnostic, este posibil\u0103 corectarea chirurgical\u0103 a vederii, dar se mai efectueaz\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>oftalmoscopia &#8211; studiu prin care se determin\u0103 starea retinei, a corneei, a vaselor oculare, a nervilor optici;<\/li>\n<li>topografia corneei &#8211; metoda neinvaziv\u0103 de ob\u021binere a unei imagini topografice a suprafe\u021bei anterioare a corneei;<\/li>\n<li>aberometria &#8211; studiu care prezint\u0103 distorsiunile optice disponibile \u00een sistemul vizual.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Tratamentul<\/h3>\n<p>Medicina moderna ofer\u0103 mai multe metode de tratament, care depind de severitatea bolii:<br \/>\nOchelarii &#8211; eficien\u0163i doar atunci c\u00e2nd sunt purta\u0163i \u00een mod constant, adic\u0103 pe via\u021b\u0103. Ei pot corecta modific\u0103rile nu mai mari de 2 dioptrii. Ochelarii corecteaz\u0103 vederea, dar nu trateaz\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Contactarea corect\u0103 a astigmatismului sau utilizarea lentilelor. Conform rezultatelor studiului, consecin\u0163a purt\u0103rii lentilelor este comparabil\u0103 cu corec\u021bia cu laser. Esen\u021ba e c\u0103 lentila formeaz\u0103 un singur sistem optic cu corneea.<\/p>\n<p>Corec\u021bia cu laser &#8211; o metod\u0103 modern\u0103 de tratament \u0219i, dup\u0103 cum arat\u0103 practica, cea mai eficient\u0103 \u0219i mai sigur\u0103. Procedurile efectuate dau rezultate excelente. Aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 de tratament v\u0103 permite s\u0103 identifica\u021bi toate modific\u0103rile din ochi \u0219i s\u0103 le corecta\u021bi. Esen\u021ba tratamentului e \u00een filetarea corneei, oferindu-i astfel o nou\u0103 form\u0103. Rezultatul este determinat \u00een c\u00e2teva ore dup\u0103 corectare.<\/p>\n<p>Metoda chirurgical\u0103 de corectare. Esen\u021ba const\u0103 \u00een faptul, c\u0103 \u00een timpul interven\u021biei chirurgicale, cristalinul este \u00eenlocuit. Aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 de tratament permite, \u00een viitor, prevenirea apari\u021biei unor boli cum ar fi cataracta \u0219i hipermetropia de v\u00e2rst\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 nu este tratat\u0103, v\u0103 pute\u021bi confrunta cu urm\u0103toarele consecin\u021be:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sc\u0103derea vederii.<\/li>\n<li>Strabismul.<\/li>\n<li>Dureri de cap cronice.<\/li>\n<li>Dureri \u00een ochi \u0219i un sentiment constant de disconfort.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ametropia &#8211; tulbur\u0103ri de vedere din cauza unui viciu de refrac\u0163ie \u00een mediile transparente ale ochiului, ceea ce duce la distorsionarea concentr\u0103rii din spate. Aceste afec\u021biuni patologice includ astigmatismul, miopia \u0219i luminozitatea. Astigmatismul apare \u00een 10% din toate cazurile. Dac\u0103 nu este tratat, se dezvolt\u0103 strabismul \u0219i o sc\u0103dere a vederii. Astigmatism \u2013 defect al [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":0,"parent":52990,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-51980","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Astigmatism<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ametropia - tulbur\u0103ri de vedere din cauza unui viciu de refrac\u0163ie \u00een mediile transparente ale ochiului, ceea ce duce la distorsionarea concentr\u0103rii din spate.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/ro\/boli-si-tratament\/boli-ale-ochiului\/astigmatism\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Astigmatism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ametropia - 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