{"id":52194,"date":"2018-02-06T19:02:16","date_gmt":"2018-02-06T16:02:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/?page_id=52194"},"modified":"2018-02-06T19:02:16","modified_gmt":"2018-02-06T16:02:16","slug":"alcaloza","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/ro\/boli-si-tratament\/boli-comune\/alcaloza\/","title":{"rendered":"Alcaloza"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Alcaloza este o boal\u0103 rar\u0103, \u00een care pH al s\u00e2ngelui cre\u0219te substan\u021bial ca urmare a acumul\u0103rii de alcaline.<\/p>\n<h3>Clasificarea \u0219i cauzele apari\u0163iei maladiei<\/h3>\n<p>Dup\u0103 genez\u0103 boala are mai multe tipuri:<\/p>\n<p>1. Alcaloza gazoas\u0103 se dezvolt\u0103 ca consecin\u021b\u0103 a procesului de hiperventila\u021bie \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni.\u00a0Procesul de producere excesiv\u0103 de dioxid de carbon afecteaz\u0103 zona creierului, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t pot ap\u0103rea boli cum ar fi encefalita \u0219i tumori neoplasme.<br \/>\nDe asemenea, hiperventilarea pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor poate \u00eencepe ca urmare a influen\u021bei diferitor substan\u021be de origine toxic\u0103 \u0219i a unor medicamente asupra tractului respirator.\u00a0\u00cen unele cazuri, func\u021bionarea defectuoas\u0103 a pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor este cauzat\u0103 de pierderea acut\u0103 de s\u00e2nge \u0219i de cre\u0219terea febrei la pacient.<\/p>\n<p>2. Alcaloz\u0103 negativ\u0103 e de mai multe specii:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>excretorie se dezvolt\u0103 pe fondul vomelor constante, care duc la pierderea unui volum mare de suc gastric.\u00a0 Acest tip e caracteristic c\u00e2nd apar fistule \u00een stomac, administrarea de lung\u0103 durat\u0103 a diureticilor, tulbur\u0103ri ale sistemului endocrin, unele boli renale. \u00cen consecin\u0163\u0103 \u00een organism se re\u0163in\u0103 natriul.<\/li>\n<li>metabolic\u0103 nu este foarte frecvent\u0103, de regul\u0103, apare pe fondul tulbur\u0103rilor procesului metabolic al electroli\u021bilor.\u00a0De asemenea, aceast\u0103 form\u0103 poate fi diagnosticat\u0103 dup\u0103 o interven\u021bie chirurgical\u0103. Uneori, alcaloza metabolic\u0103 se poate dezvolta la copiii cu diagnostic de rahitism sau cu perturb\u0103ri ale func\u021biei de reglementare a procesului metabolic electrolitic de origine ereditar\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>exogen\u0103 apare \u00een timpul perfuziei excesive de bicarbonat de sodiu, care se introduce la cre\u0219terea acidit\u0103\u0163ii \u00een stomac.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3. Alcaloza de tip mixt &#8211; e caracterizat\u0103 printr-o combina\u021bie de semne de stare gazoas\u0103 dureroas\u0103 \u015fi celei negazoase. Acest tip de alcaloz\u0103 apare ca urmare a traumelor creierului, care sunt \u00eenso\u021bite de vome cu eliberarea sucului gastric acid \u0219i a dificult\u0103\u0163ilor de respira\u021bie.<\/p>\n<h3>Semne de alcaloz\u0103:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>hipotensiune arterial\u0103, care apare brusc \u0219i e dificil de explicat;<\/li>\n<li>pulsul slab \u015fi lent;<\/li>\n<li>gradul ridicat de excitabilitate nervoas\u0103, \u00een unele cazuri instabilitate muscular\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>hipertensiune muscular\u0103 cu debutul convulsiilor;<\/li>\n<li>sc\u0103derea activit\u0103\u021bii sistemului respirator;<\/li>\n<li>sl\u0103biciune general\u0103 a corpului cu ame\u021beli frecvente \u0219i le\u0219in.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Simptomatologia<\/h3>\n<p>Simptomele de alcaloz\u0103 gazoas\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>abateri \u00een func\u021bionarea arterelor cerebrale \u0219i a sistemului cardiovascular;<\/li>\n<li>eliminarea cationilor prin urin\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>ischemia cerebral\u0103 cu o excita\u021bie caracteristic\u0103 sistemului nervos, ame\u021beli, oboseal\u0103 sever\u0103 \u0219i parestezii \u00een regiunea fe\u021bei \u0219i membrelor;<\/li>\n<li>atacuri letale;<\/li>\n<li>paloare gri a pielii .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>De asemenea acest tip de boal\u0103 poate fi provocat de c\u0103tre tulbur\u0103rile sistemului respirator, apari\u0163iei acceler\u0103rii respira\u021biei, care se developeaz\u0103 \u00een timpul proceselor patologice din pl\u0103m\u00e2ni, leziuni ale arterelor pulmonare, dispneei.<\/p>\n<p>Alcaloza formei metabolice nu are o simptomatologie deosebit de pronun\u021bat\u0103. E posibil\u0103 o\u00a0umfl\u0103tur\u0103 \u0219i o respira\u021bie u\u0219or deprimat\u0103.\u00a0Alcaloza de tip decompensat apare dup\u0103 o perioad\u0103 lung\u0103 de vome sau dup\u0103 o pierdere mare de potasiu \u0219i clor, precum \u0219i deshidratarea organismului pe fundalul st\u0103rii termice a pacientului.<\/p>\n<h3>La pacien\u021bii care sufer\u0103 de alcaloz\u0103 metabolic\u0103 se observ\u0103:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>sl\u0103biciune de natur\u0103 progresiv\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>oboseli frecvente;<\/li>\n<li>sete;<\/li>\n<li>ame\u021beli \u0219i dureri de cap;<\/li>\n<li>convulsii;<\/li>\n<li>piele uscat\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>respira\u021bie rar\u0103, de obicei superficial\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>tahicardie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La etapa ini\u0163ial\u0103 a alcalozei de acest tip, pacientul devine apatic iar dup\u0103 un timp &#8212; inhibat \u0219i somnoros.\u00a0Dac\u0103 tratamentul nu e la timp, simptomele se \u00eenr\u0103ut\u0103\u021besc \u00een mod semnificativ, poate s\u0103 apar\u0103 o com\u0103.\u00a0Pentru a stabili diagnosticul precis, e necesar s\u0103 se fac\u0103 o electrocardiogram\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 se efectueze test de s\u00e2nge \u0219i urin\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Alcaloza metabolic\u0103 a unei forme cronice apare la persoanele, care prezint\u0103 ulcer gastric dup\u0103 un consum lung de produse lactate \u0219i preparate care con\u021bin alcaline (sindromul Burnett).<\/p>\n<h3>Simptomele:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>sl\u0103biciune general\u0103 a organismului;<\/li>\n<li>sc\u0103dere a apetitului;<\/li>\n<li>dezgust fa\u021b\u0103 de produsele lactate;<\/li>\n<li>uneori pot s\u0103 apar\u0103 grea\u021ba \u0219i vomele.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La forma \u00eenvechit\u0103 de alcaloz\u0103 se observ\u0103 confuzii \u0219i apatie, se poate dezvolta ataxia \u0219i depunerea de s\u0103ruri de calciu \u00een conexiunile tisulare ale sistemului ocular \u0219i ale canalelor renale.\u00a0Un atare proces patologic duce adesea la apari\u021bia insuficien\u021bei renale.<\/p>\n<h3>Tratamentul<\/h3>\n<p>\u00cen stadiul ini\u021bial al tratamentului bolii de toate forme, este necesar s\u0103 se identifice \u0219i s\u0103 se elimine cauza dezvolt\u0103rii acestei maladii, ce a dus la afectarea func\u0163iei pulmonare. Normalizarea compozi\u021biei gazului din s\u00e2nge poate fi efectuat\u0103 prin inhalarea carbogenului.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen tratamentul alcalozelor de tip negativ se iau solu\u021bii de potasiu, cloruri de amoniu, preparate de insulin\u0103, precum \u0219i substan\u021be care exercit\u0103 un efect deprimant asupra anhidrozei carbonice \u0219i permit rinichilor s\u0103 separe ionii de natriu \u015fi substan\u0163ele bicarbonate.<\/p>\n<p>Pacien\u021bii cu alcaloz\u0103 de form\u0103 metabolic\u0103 \u0219i gazoas\u0103 sunt spitaliza\u0163i de urgen\u0163\u0103. \u00cen caz de convulsii, se \u00eentroduce clorur\u0103 de calciu intravenos, iar cu eliminarea hiperventila\u021biei pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor &#8211; morfin\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen cazul alcalozei formei metabolice decompensate, sunt prescrise solu\u021bii de clorur\u0103 de calciu \u0219i sodiu, care sunt administrate intravenos.\u00a0La hipocalcemie &#8211; o solu\u021bie de clorur\u0103 de potasiu, preparate de potasiu \u0219i panangin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alcaloza este o boal\u0103 rar\u0103, \u00een care pH al s\u00e2ngelui cre\u0219te substan\u021bial ca urmare a acumul\u0103rii de alcaline. Clasificarea \u0219i cauzele apari\u0163iei maladiei Dup\u0103 genez\u0103 boala are mai multe tipuri: 1. Alcaloza gazoas\u0103 se dezvolt\u0103 ca consecin\u021b\u0103 a procesului de hiperventila\u021bie \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni.\u00a0Procesul de producere excesiv\u0103 de dioxid de carbon afecteaz\u0103 zona creierului, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":0,"parent":53020,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-52194","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Alcaloza<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Alcaloza este o boal\u0103 rar\u0103, \u00een care pH al s\u00e2ngelui cre\u0219te substan\u021bial ca urmare a acumul\u0103rii de alcaline.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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