{"id":52222,"date":"2018-02-07T13:10:54","date_gmt":"2018-02-07T10:10:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/?page_id=52222"},"modified":"2018-02-07T13:10:54","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T10:10:54","slug":"distrofia-alimentara","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/ro\/boli-si-tratament\/boli-ale-tractului-gastro-intestinal\/distrofia-alimentara\/","title":{"rendered":"Distrofia alimentar\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"

Distrofia alimentar\u0103 – o boala care rezulta din malnutri\u021bia prelungit\u0103, ceea ce duce la epuizarea total\u0103 a corpului, tulbur\u0103ri cardiovasculare, a activit\u0103\u0163\u00edi mentale, deteriorarea celulelor \u0219i spa\u021biilor intercelulare ale \u021besuturilor \u0219i organelor cu tulburarea func\u021biilor lor.<\/p>\n

Motivele<\/h3>\n

Cauzele bolii sunt lipsa de nutrimen\u021bi. Motiv e alimentarea nera\u0163ional\u0103 sau foamea, precum \u0219i absorb\u021bia inadecvat\u0103 a nutrimen\u021bilor. Aceasta se poate datora tulbur\u0103rilor exogene \u0219i endogene (\u00eengustarea esofagului din cauza unei tumori sau cicatrici postoperatorii).<\/p>\n

Boala se poate dezvolta ca urmare a unor produse alimentare insuficiente sau non-caloric, mai ales din cauza lipsei de proteine \u200b\u200banimale \u0219i aminoacizi, acizi gra\u0219i \u0219i vitamine care dizolv\u0103 gr\u0103simile.<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 boala progreseaz\u0103 se dezvolt\u0103 hipoproteinemia, exist\u0103 o perturbare a multor organe, o tulburare a sistemului endocrin. Modific\u0103rile distrofice \u00een pere\u021bii tractului gastrointestinal deregleaz\u0103 func\u021bia lui, agrav\u00e2nd starea general\u0103 a pacientului.<\/p>\n

Simptomele<\/h3>\n

Gradele de distrofie alimentar\u0103:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Pacientul are un apetit crescut din cauza nutri\u021biei necorespunz\u0103toare, este \u00eensetat, organismul necesit\u0103 o cantitate mare de sare. Starea general\u0103 este satisf\u0103c\u0103toare.<\/li>\n
  2. Pacientul pierde mult \u00een greutate, simte\u00a0 o oboseala constant\u0103, capacitate de munc\u0103 e redus\u0103, temperatura corpului e sc\u0103zut\u0103, pe picioare apar umfl\u0103turi, cre\u0219tere pofta de m\u00e2ncare. Pacientul este \u00eensetat, \u00een multe organe se dezvolt\u0103 schimb\u0103ri ireversibile, exist\u0103 o perturbare a psihicului.<\/li>\n
  3. La aceast\u0103 etap\u0103 se dezvolt\u0103 ca\u0219exia (cel mai \u00eenalt nivel de epuizare a organismului), dispare complet stratul de gr\u0103sime sub piele, se produce\u00a0 atrofia muscular\u0103, survine o extenuare total\u0103, apatie, tulbur\u0103ri mintale \u0219i a sistemului cardiovascular, insuficien\u021b\u0103 hepatic\u0103, anemie, crampe, constipa\u021bie dureroas\u0103, deseori escare. Temperatura corpului scade la treizeci de grade. Se poate dezvolta o com\u0103 de foame.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Diagnosticarea<\/h3>\n

    Diagnosticul se bazeaz\u0103 pe manifestarea simptomelor de mai sus pe fundalul unei \u00eenfomet\u0103ri prelungite. Este necesar de stabilit cauza epuiz\u0103rii organismului: e foame sau boal\u0103.<\/p>\n

    Tratamentul<\/h3>\n

    Pacientul are nevoie de odihn\u0103 fizic\u0103 \u0219i mental\u0103 complet\u0103, precum \u0219i de o alimenta\u021bie ra\u021bional\u0103. \u00cen fiecare zi \u00een dieta pacientului trebuie s\u0103 introduce\u021bi mai multe calorii, vitamine \u0219i oligoelemente.<\/p>\n

    \u00cen paralel sunt introduse plasme, proteine hidrolizate, vitamine. Dac\u0103 sistemul cardiovascular este afectat se administreaz\u0103 medicamente cardiace, caz de edem \u2013 se iau diuretice. Regimul trebuie extins treptat, este binevenit\u0103 gimnastica terapeutic\u0103.<\/p>\n

    Dac\u0103 pacientul se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-o com\u0103 de foame, se injecteaz\u0103 intravenos o doz\u0103 de glucoz\u0103 de 50% (50 ml) la fiecare dou\u0103 ore. Crampele se lichideaz\u0103 prin administrarea intravenoas\u0103 de clorur\u0103 de calciu. Dup\u0103 ie\u015firea din com\u0103, pacientul trebuie s\u0103 primeasc\u0103 un ceai fierbinte dulce \u0219i s\u0103 fie hr\u0103nit \u00een por\u021bii mici la fiecare dou\u0103 ore.<\/p>\n

    Dac\u0103 distrofia alimentar\u0103 este cauzat\u0103 de o tumoare sau cicatrice, este necesar\u0103 o interven\u021bie chirurgical\u0103 pentru a le elimina.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Distrofia alimentar\u0103 – o boala care rezulta din malnutri\u021bia prelungit\u0103, ceea ce duce la epuizarea total\u0103 a corpului, tulbur\u0103ri cardiovasculare, a activit\u0103\u0163\u00edi mentale, deteriorarea celulelor \u0219i spa\u021biilor intercelulare ale \u021besuturilor \u0219i organelor cu tulburarea func\u021biilor lor. Motivele Cauzele bolii sunt lipsa de nutrimen\u021bi. Motiv e alimentarea nera\u0163ional\u0103 sau foamea, precum \u0219i absorb\u021bia inadecvat\u0103 a nutrimen\u021bilor. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":0,"parent":52944,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-52222","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"\nDistrofia alimentar\u0103 | Sanatate.md<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/ro\/boli-si-tratament\/boli-ale-tractului-gastro-intestinal\/distrofia-alimentara\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Distrofia alimentar\u0103 | Sanatate.md\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Distrofia alimentar\u0103 – o boala care rezulta din malnutri\u021bia prelungit\u0103, ceea ce duce la epuizarea total\u0103 a corpului, tulbur\u0103ri cardiovasculare, a activit\u0103\u0163\u00edi mentale, deteriorarea celulelor \u0219i spa\u021biilor intercelulare ale \u021besuturilor \u0219i organelor cu tulburarea func\u021biilor lor. 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