{"id":52349,"date":"2018-02-08T16:00:13","date_gmt":"2018-02-08T13:00:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/?page_id=52349"},"modified":"2018-02-08T16:00:13","modified_gmt":"2018-02-08T13:00:13","slug":"rinita-alergica","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/ro\/boli-si-tratament\/boli-alergice\/rinita-alergica\/","title":{"rendered":"Rinita alergic\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Rinita alergic\u0103 este o boal\u0103 foarte frecvent\u0103, cu care pacien\u0163ii se adreseaz\u0103 unui alergolog-imunolog.<\/p>\n<p>Rinita alergic\u0103 este o inflama\u021bie a mucoasei nazale, care apare ca urmare a alergiilor.<\/p>\n<p>Conform ultimelor statistici, de aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 \u00een lume sufer\u0103 de la 11 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 24% din popula\u021bie.<\/p>\n<h3>Cauzele<\/h3>\n<p>Cauza bolii este o reac\u021bie alergic\u0103 (mai precis &#8211; hipersensibilitate de tip imediat, procese alergice, semnele care se dezvolt\u0103 foarte rapid). Substan\u021ba, \u00een urma c\u0103rei apare o reac\u021bie alergic\u0103, se nume\u0219te alergen.<\/p>\n<p>Starea de durere, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu dermatita atopic\u0103 \u0219i alergia la astm bron\u0219ic, este cea mai periculoas\u0103 tripl\u0103 boal\u0103 alergic\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3>Alergenii care cauzeaz\u0103 o stare boln\u0103vicioas\u0103<\/h3>\n<p>Alergenii care cauzeaz\u0103 rinita alergic\u0103 sunt mul\u0163i, dar cei mai frecven\u0163i sunt:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>praful din cas\u0103, bibliotec\u0103 &#8211; \u00een majoritatea cazurilor populat\u0103 de c\u0103pu\u0219e;<\/li>\n<li>polenul diferitor plante;<\/li>\n<li>produse (c\u0103p\u0219uni, citrice);<\/li>\n<li>mucegai, drojdii;<\/li>\n<li>medicamente;<\/li>\n<li>alergeni ai insectelor, ca urmare a unei mu\u0219c\u0103turi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00cen grupul de risc sunt persoanele, care au o predispozi\u021bie genetic\u0103 la reac\u021bii alergice de diferite tipuri.<\/p>\n<h3>Simptomele<\/h3>\n<p>Pacientul infectat str\u0103nut\u0103, acest proces are o natur\u0103 paroxistic\u0103. Din nas curge \u00eencontinuu o solu\u0163ie incolor\u0103 \u0219i transparent\u0103. \u00cen cazul ata\u0219\u0103rii diverselor infec\u021bii aceste elimin\u0103ri devin mucoase \u0219i purulente, de culoare galben\u0103 sau verde. Persoana simte o m\u00e2nc\u0103rime \u00een nas, nasul este \u00eenfundat, mai ales noaptea.<\/p>\n<p>Se \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 un grad diferit de umfl\u0103tur\u0103 a fe\u021bei \u0219i a r\u0103sufl\u0103rii cu gura. Pacientul l\u0103cr\u0103meaz\u0103, ochii sunt ro\u015fii. Persoana \u00ee\u0219i freac\u0103 involuntar v\u00e2rful nasului cu palma &#8211; acest sindrom este numit salut alergic.<\/p>\n<p>Aceast\u0103 stare, de regul\u0103, se manifest\u0103 pentru prima dat\u0103 \u00een copil\u0103rie (dup\u0103 3 ani) sau adolescen\u0163\u0103. Boala este genetic\u0103, deci printre rudele pacien\u021bilor nu e dificil de identificat persoanele cu acelea\u0219i probleme.<\/p>\n<h3>Gradele bolii<\/h3>\n<p>\u00cen func\u021bie de intensitatea manifest\u0103rii simptomelor, se disting gradele st\u0103rii de boal\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>gradul mic &#8211; semnele sunt slab exprimate, somnul pacientului nu este deranjat;<\/li>\n<li>medie &#8211; pacientul nu poate lucra, somnul este deranjat;<\/li>\n<li>sever\u0103 &#8211; boala nu permite angajarea \u00een munc\u0103, pacientul nu doarme, starea lui este dificil\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Formele st\u0103rii boln\u0103vicioase<\/h3>\n<p>\u00cen func\u021bie de durata st\u0103rii date, se disting:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>sezonier &#8211; simptomele se manifest\u0103 \u00een perioada prim\u0103var\u0103-var\u0103;\u00a0 apar ca rezultat al unei reac\u021bii alergice la polenul plantelor;<\/li>\n<li>permanent (cronice) &#8211; semnele nu dispar nici o dat\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00cen cele mai multe cazuri, pacien\u021bii numesc factorii care provoac\u0103 apari\u021bia unei atare st\u0103ri (contactul cu animale, aflarea \u00eentr-o camer\u0103 cu praf, inhalarea polenului de plante etc).\u00a0Dar uneori pentru a determina alergenul este necesar s\u0103 se efectueze teste de laborator.<\/p>\n<p>Antihistaminicele pentru o vreme ofer\u0103 o u\u0219urare sau chiar elimin\u0103 simptomele.<\/p>\n<p>Semnele afec\u021biunii practic nu difer\u0103 de celelalte tipuri de rinit\u0103 (infec\u021bioas\u0103, hormonale, psihogenice, atrofice), dar aceste boli trebuie tratate individual, dup\u0103 ce se face diagnosticul corect.<\/p>\n<p>Uneori pacien\u021bii, f\u0103r\u0103 prescrip\u021bie medical\u0103, folosesc medicamente, abuzul c\u0103ror agraveaz\u0103 starea.<\/p>\n<h3>Testele de laborator<\/h3>\n<p>Dac\u0103 suspecta\u021bi o afec\u021biune, trebuie s\u0103 v\u0103 adresa\u0163i la un otolaringolog \u0219i un alergolog-imunolog. Otolaringologul depisteaz\u0103 patologiile \u0219i starea organelor ORL.\u00a0Alergistul poate confirma sau respinge etiologia alergic\u0103 a rinitei.\u00a0\u00cen nici un caz s\u0103 nu ne limit\u0103m la consultarea unui singur specialist, deoarece patologiile se combin\u0103 adesea \u0219i tratamentul va trebui s\u0103 fie complex.<\/p>\n<p>Diagnosticul poate fi confirmat prin analizele nazale sau un test de s\u00e2nge. \u00cen cazul, \u00een care expertul pune la \u00eendoial\u0103 diagnosticul, e necesar un test de s\u00e2nge, o examinare radiologic\u0103 a sinusurilor nazale.<\/p>\n<h3>Tratamentul bolii<\/h3>\n<p>Terapia este complex\u0103 \u015fi menit\u0103 s\u0103 reduc\u0103 umflarea mucoasei nazale.\u00a0De asemenea, se efectueaz\u0103 un tratament specific.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a reduce inflama\u021bia mucoasei, pot fi utilizate antihistaminice.\u00a0Ele sunt sub form\u0103 de pic\u0103turi sau tablete.\u00a0Un efect bun poate fi ob\u021binut prin utilizarea medicamentelor secundare (Claritin, Cetrin, Kestin) \u0219i de a treia genera\u021bie (Telfast, Erius).<\/p>\n<p>Utilizarea medicamentelor f\u0103r\u0103 recomandarea unui specialist nu este recomandat\u0103, deoarece acestea pot avea efecte secundare, pot afecta negativ activitatea cardiac\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen paralel, tratamentul local se efectueaz\u0103 prin administrarea preparatelor de Kromosol, Kromohexal.\u00a0Aceste spray-uri nazale sunt prescrise de 3 ori pe zi pentru 1-2 proceduri.\u00a0Rezultatul nu e imediat, vine peste c\u00e2teva zile.<\/p>\n<p>Tratamentul afec\u021biunii date este un proces de durat\u0103.\u00a0Preparatele sunt folosite continuu pe tot parcursul anului.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen st\u0103rile de boal\u0103 sever\u0103 pacientului i se prescriu corticosteroizi (sub form\u0103 de spray-uri nazali). Siguran\u021ba \u0219i eficacitatea acestor medicamente este confirmat\u0103 de mai multe studii.<\/p>\n<p>Nu se recomand\u0103 utilizarea de lung\u0103 durat\u0103 a spray-urilor sau pic\u0103turilor, care faciliteaz\u0103 respira\u021bia nazal\u0103 (de exemplu, Nafazolin\u0103, Vibrocil).\u00a0Se poate dezvolta o rinit\u0103 medical\u0103, care se trateaz\u0103 exclusiv chirurgical.<\/p>\n<h3>Boala la copii<\/h3>\n<p>\u00cen cele mai multe cazuri, rinita alergic\u0103 se manifest\u0103 dup\u0103 3 ani de via\u021b\u0103.\u00a0Ea e mai frecvent\u0103 la acei, care au avut predilec\u0163ii la diatez\u0103, dermatit\u0103 atopic\u0103.\u00a0Semnele bolii la copii \u0219i adul\u021bi sunt identice.<\/p>\n<p>In timpul tratamentului, mai \u00eent\u00eei se prescriu cele mai \u201eslabe\u201c preparate \u0219i se merge \u00een cre\u015ftere, av\u00e2nd grij\u0103 de securitatea \u0219i absen\u021ba efectelor secundare ale medicamentelor.<\/p>\n<h3>Prognoza afec\u021biunii<\/h3>\n<p>Boala nu amenin\u021b\u0103 via\u021ba pacientului, dar lipsa tratamentului la timp duce la diverse complica\u0163ii: rinita alergic\u0103 se poate transforma in astm.<\/p>\n<h3>Prevenirea bolii<\/h3>\n<p>E imposibil de protejat\u00a0pacientul de tot felul de alergeni, acest lucru se datoreaz\u0103 situa\u021biei dificile de mediu \u00een cele mai multe \u021b\u0103ri ale lumii.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rinita alergic\u0103 este o boal\u0103 foarte frecvent\u0103, cu care pacien\u0163ii se adreseaz\u0103 unui alergolog-imunolog. Rinita alergic\u0103 este o inflama\u021bie a mucoasei nazale, care apare ca urmare a alergiilor. Conform ultimelor statistici, de aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 \u00een lume sufer\u0103 de la 11 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 24% din popula\u021bie. Cauzele Cauza bolii este o reac\u021bie alergic\u0103 (mai precis &#8211; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":0,"parent":38228,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-52349","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rinita alergic\u0103 | Sanatate.md<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/ro\/boli-si-tratament\/boli-alergice\/rinita-alergica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rinita alergic\u0103 | Sanatate.md\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rinita alergic\u0103 este o boal\u0103 foarte frecvent\u0103, cu care pacien\u0163ii se adreseaz\u0103 unui alergolog-imunolog. Rinita alergic\u0103 este o inflama\u021bie a mucoasei nazale, care apare ca urmare a alergiilor. Conform ultimelor statistici, de aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 \u00een lume sufer\u0103 de la 11 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 24% din popula\u021bie. 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