{"id":55483,"date":"2018-04-03T14:46:50","date_gmt":"2018-04-03T11:46:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/?page_id=55483"},"modified":"2018-04-03T14:46:50","modified_gmt":"2018-04-03T11:46:50","slug":"anomalia-arnold-chiari","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/ro\/boli-si-tratament\/boli-ale-creierului\/anomalia-arnold-chiari\/","title":{"rendered":"Anomalia Arnold-Chiari"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Malforma\u0163ia Arnold-Chiari este o anomalie \u00een procesul de dezvotare a creierului, care se manifest\u0103 la nivelul jonc\u0163iunii dintre bulbul cerebral \u015fi m\u0103duv\u0103. Anomalia poate fi diagnosticat\u0103 de la\u00a0na\u015ftere\u00a0sau chiar \u00een timpul\u00a0sarcinii,\u00a0\u00een unele cazuri.<\/p>\n<p>Cea mai usoar\u0103 form\u0103 a malformatiei Arnold-Chiari este prezent\u0103 la o\u00a0na\u015ftere\u00a0din aproximativ 5.000, iar simptomele nu se manifest\u0103 \u00een copilarie. Malforma\u0163ia creeaza o presiune neobi\u015fnuita asupra cerebelului \u015fi a m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii, care poate \u00eempiedica func\u0163ionarea corecta a acestora. Cerebelul poate hernia adesea prin gaura occipital\u0103, iar malforma\u0163ia poate obstruc\u0163iona \u0103i circularea corect\u0103 a lichidului cefalorahidian.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen func\u021bie de tipul de boal\u0103 se poate manifesta \u00een diferite moduri: \u00een dureri de g\u00e2t, ame\u021beli, le\u0219inuri frecvente, nistagmus, afectarea vederii \u015fi auzului, hipotrofie muscular\u0103 etc.<br \/>\nConform datelor statistice boala este diagnosticat\u0103 la aproximativ 5 din 100 mii de persoane.\u00a0Viciul poate fi diagnosticat la un nou-n\u0103scut sau la un adult \u0219i \u00een 80% din cazuri este complicat.<\/p>\n<h3>Cauzele dezvolt\u0103rii patologiei<\/h3>\n<p>Cauzele apari\u0163ieir maladiei severe sunt \u00eenc\u0103 neclare.Unii cred, c\u0103 acest lucru se datoreaz\u0103 mic\u015for\u0103rii fosei, ca rezultat cre\u0219terea structurilor situate \u00een interiorul acesteia este ie\u0219ire \u00een afar\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Un alt grup de cercet\u0103tori sugereaz\u0103, c\u0103 anomalia este asociat\u0103 cu o dimensiune mai mare a creierului, care \u00eencape \u00een craniu, \u0219i \u201e\u00eempinge\u201c o parte a con\u021binutului s\u0103u printr-o gaur\u0103 \u00een partea din spate a capului.<\/p>\n<p>Uneori o patologie minor\u0103 se transform\u0103 \u00eentr-una pronun\u021bat\u0103 datorit\u0103 hidrocefaliei (ventriculele pline m\u0103resc volumul total al creierului).<\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103 cazuri, \u00een care cauza bolii e o traum\u0103 a craniului.<\/p>\n<h3>Anomalia Arnold Chiari<\/h3>\n<p>Speciali\u0219tii disting 4 grade de stare dureroas\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>gradul I &#8211; amigdala cerebelului este cobor\u00e2t\u0103 patologic sub deschiderea occipital\u0103 mare; boala se manifest\u0103 \u00een adolescen\u021b\u0103 sau la o v\u00e2rst\u0103 fraged\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>gradul 2 &#8211; este diagnosticat \u00een primele zile dup\u0103 na\u0219terea copilului;\u00a0\u00een orificiul de pe partea din spate a capului e blocat nu numai cerebelul, dar \u015fi bulbul rahidian \u0219i al IV ventriculul;\u00a0starea morbid\u0103 este ; complicat\u0103 de hidromia \u0219i provocat\u0103 de hernia congenital\u0103 a spin\u0103rii;<\/li>\n<li>gradul 3 &#8211; difer\u0103 de primele dou\u0103 prin aceea, c\u0103 componentele creierului sunt situate \u00een meningocele &#8211; la nivelul g\u00e2tului;<\/li>\n<li>gradul 4 \u2013 \u00a0caracterizat prin lipsa dezvolt\u0103rii cerebelului. El e acoperit cu numeroase chisturi congenitale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Unii oameni de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 denumesc aceast\u0103 patologie sindromul Dandy-Walker.<\/p>\n<p>Bolile de gradele 2 \u0219i 3 sunt adesea combinate cu alte anomalii ale sistemului nervos.<\/p>\n<h3>Simptomele anomaliilor Arnold-Chiari<\/h3>\n<p>\u00cen cele mai multe cazuri, sunt diagnosticate patologii de tip 1, care se manifest\u0103 prin leziuni ale nervilor \u0219i sindroamelor craniene:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>licvornogipertenzionnym &#8211; se caracterizeaza prin durere in partea din spate a capului \u0219i g\u00e2tului, care se acutizeaz\u0103 la str\u0103nut, tuse, starea de stres, a \u00eencord\u0103rii mu\u0219chilor g\u00e2tului, v\u0103rs\u0103turi, cre\u0219terea tonusului g\u00e2tului;<\/li>\n<li>tserebellobulbarnym;<\/li>\n<li>syringomyelic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Patologia se manifest\u0103 \u00een adolescen\u021b\u0103, perioada t\u00e2n\u0103r\u0103 sau adult\u0103.\u00a0Maladia cerebelului se manifest\u0103 prin nearticula\u0163ie \u00een timpul vorbirii (disartrie), nistagmus.<br \/>\nDac\u0103 este afectat trunchiul cerebral se reduce acuitatea vizual\u0103, apar tulbur\u0103ri la \u00eenghi\u021bire, se \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 sc\u0103derea auzului. Pacientul \u00ee\u0219i pierde de multe ori con\u015ftiin\u0163a \u015fi lea\u015f\u0103n\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>To\u021bi pacien\u021bii au s\u00e2nger\u0103ri, tinitus. Uneori, c\u00e2nd \u00eentoarce capul, persoana \u00ee\u015fi pierde con\u0219tiin\u021ba.\u00a0Uneori exist\u0103 modific\u0103ri atrofice \u00een jum\u0103tatea limbii \u0219i pareze a laringelui, vocea devine r\u0103gu\u0219it\u0103, respira\u021bia este dificil\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Patologiile de gradul 2 \u0219i 3 au o prezentare clinic\u0103 similar\u0103, simptomele sunt vizibile imediat dup\u0103 na\u0219terea copilului: respira\u021bie zgomotoas\u0103, care alterneaz\u0103 cu opriri scurte, pareze ale laringelor, tulbur\u0103ri de \u00eenghi\u021bire, \u00een care alimentele patrund \u00een nazofaringe.<\/p>\n<p>Viciul celui de-al treilea grad prezint\u0103 o imagine clinic\u0103 sever\u0103, adesea incompatibil\u0103 cu via\u021ba.<\/p>\n<h3>Diagnosticarea<\/h3>\n<p>Diagnosticul nu se poate face pe baza examin\u0103rii neurologului \u0219i a examenelor standard (EEG, REG etc.).\u00a0Aceste studii arat\u0103 doar o cre\u0219tere semnificativ\u0103 a presiunii intracraniene.\u00a0Radiografia craniului dezv\u0103luie numai anomalii osoase.\u00a0Doar imagistica pe calculator \u0219i rezonan\u021ba magnetic\u0103 poate stabili diagnosticul corect.\u00a0\u00cen unele cazuri, este indicat RMN al coloanei vertebrale cervicale \u0219i toracice.<\/p>\n<h3>Tratamentul<\/h3>\n<p>Dac\u0103 patologia este asimptomatic\u0103, tratamentul nu este necesar.\u00a0\u00cen cazul, \u00een care pacientul are numai dureri \u00een g\u00e2t \u0219i ceaf\u0103, este prescris\u0103 terapia conservatoare, care cuprinde analgezice, antiinflamatoare \u0219i medicamente relaxante.\u00a0Dac\u0103 exist\u0103 tulbur\u0103ri neurologice, care nu sunt supuse unui tratament conservator, este indicat\u0103 interven\u021bia chirurgical\u0103.<br \/>\n\u00cen cele mai multe cazuri, e recomandat\u0103 opera\u021bia de \u201edecompresie craniovertebral\u0103\u201c, \u00een procesul c\u0103rea se l\u0103rge\u015fte orificiul de la ceaf\u0103 prin \u00eendep\u0103rtarea unei p\u0103r\u021bi a osului occipital \u0219i se lichideaz\u0103 presiunea asupra m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii.<br \/>\nUneori, patologiile sunt corectate prin interven\u021bii chirurgicale de manevr\u0103 &#8211; lichidul cefalorahidian scade din canalul central l\u0103rgit al m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii.<\/p>\n<h3>Prognoza<\/h3>\n<p>Exist\u0103 cazuri, \u00een care apare un grad de durere f\u0103r\u0103 semne evidente pe tot parcursul vie\u021bii. Boala de gradul III, \u00een majoritatea cazurilor, are un prognostic nefavorabil. Tratamentul afec\u021biunii dureroase de gradul 2 se realizeaz\u0103 doar chirurgical, deoarece deficitele neurologice sunt dificil de restabilit chiar \u0219i dup\u0103 interven\u021bia chirurgical\u0103 de succes. Eficien\u021ba opera\u021biei este de aproximativ 70%.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Malforma\u0163ia Arnold-Chiari este o anomalie \u00een procesul de dezvotare a creierului, care se manifest\u0103 la nivelul jonc\u0163iunii dintre bulbul cerebral \u015fi m\u0103duv\u0103. Anomalia poate fi diagnosticat\u0103 de la\u00a0na\u015ftere\u00a0sau chiar \u00een timpul\u00a0sarcinii,\u00a0\u00een unele cazuri. Cea mai usoar\u0103 form\u0103 a malformatiei Arnold-Chiari este prezent\u0103 la o\u00a0na\u015ftere\u00a0din aproximativ 5.000, iar simptomele nu se manifest\u0103 \u00een copilarie. Malforma\u0163ia creeaza [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":0,"parent":53012,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-55483","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Anomalia Arnold-Chiari<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Malforma\u0163ia Arnold-Chiari este o anomalie \u00een procesul de dezvotare a creierului, care se manifest\u0103 la nivelul jonc\u0163iunii dintre bulbul cerebral \u015fi m\u0103duv\u0103.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/ro\/boli-si-tratament\/boli-ale-creierului\/anomalia-arnold-chiari\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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