{"id":66184,"date":"2018-10-02T16:34:51","date_gmt":"2018-10-02T13:34:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/?page_id=66184"},"modified":"2018-10-02T16:34:51","modified_gmt":"2018-10-02T13:34:51","slug":"afectiunile-alimentare","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/ro\/boli-si-tratament\/boli-infectioase\/afectiunile-alimentare\/","title":{"rendered":"Afec\u021biunile alimentare"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Infec\u021biile toxice cu alimente sunt boli ale grupului politeologic, care rezult\u0103 din ingerarea microorganismelor \u0219i a toxinelor acestora \u00een corpul uman \u00een timpul administr\u0103rii alimentelor.<\/p>\n<h3>St\u0103ri tipice:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>stadiul incipient acut;<\/li>\n<li>declan\u0219are rapid\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>semne de intoxicare general\u0103 a corpului;<\/li>\n<li>simptome ale deregl\u0103rii sistemului digestiv.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Afec\u021biuni alimentare: agen\u021bii patogeni<\/h3>\n<p>Agen\u021bii patogeni ai infec\u021biilor toxice:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>enterotoxine de tip A, B, C, D, E din grupul stafilococilor;<\/li>\n<li>salmonela;<\/li>\n<li>streptococi;<\/li>\n<li>escherichia;<\/li>\n<li>sporul microorganisme anaerobe;<\/li>\n<li>sporul microorganisme aerobe;<\/li>\n<li>vibrionii grupului halofil.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Declan\u0219area maladiei<\/h3>\n<p>Infec\u021bia este transmis\u0103 pe cale oral\u0103-fecal\u0103, sursa infec\u021biei este o persoan\u0103 bolnav\u0103, animale bolnave, purt\u0103tori de bacteria. Aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 apare sporadic \u0219i sub form\u0103 de focare. De regul\u0103, inciden\u021ba este diagnosticat\u0103 pe tot parcursul anului, uneori num\u0103rul cazurilor din sezonul cald poate cre\u0219te.<\/p>\n<h3>Boal\u0103 alimentar\u0103: simptomele<\/h3>\n<p>Perioada de incuba\u021bie este de c\u00e2teva ore.<br \/>\nSimptomatologia:<br \/>\n\u2022 frisoane;<br \/>\n\u2022 atacuri de grea\u021b\u0103;<br \/>\n\u2022 cre\u0219terea temperaturii corpului;<br \/>\n\u2022 multiple reflexe;<br \/>\n\u2022 crampe \u00een cavitatea abdominal\u0103, \u00een cele mai multe cazuri \u00een zona ombilicului \u0219i ileal;<br \/>\n\u2022 scaune frecvente de consisten\u021b\u0103 lichid\u0103, cu impurit\u0103\u021bi mucoase;<br \/>\n\u2022 semne de intoxicare: dureri de cap, ame\u021beli, apetit sc\u0103zut;<br \/>\n\u2022 usc\u0103ciunea pielii;<br \/>\n\u2022 erup\u021bii pe limb\u0103;<br \/>\n\u2022 usc\u0103ciune \u00een cavitatea bucal\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3>Diagnosticarea<\/h3>\n<p>Diagnosticul acestei boli se stabile\u0219te pe baza manifest\u0103rilor clinice, a anamnezei formei epidemiologice, precum \u0219i a cercet\u0103rilor de laborator. Un rol decisiv \u00een diagnosticare \u00eel au metodele bacteriologice de examinare a masei v\u0103rs\u0103rii, a elimin\u0103rilor intestinale \u0219i a fluidelor de lavaj gastric.<\/p>\n<p>Alimente otr\u0103vitoare: intoxicarea<br \/>\nIntoxicarea alimentar\u0103, spre deosebire de infec\u021biile toxice alimentare, se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin folosirea produselor alimentare care con\u021bin toxine &#8211; substan\u021be cu unele forme de microorganisme. De asemenea, se poate dezvolta o otr\u0103vire alimentar\u0103 acut\u0103, tratarea c\u0103reia trebuie efectuat\u0103 exclusiv \u00een condi\u021bii de sta\u021bionar.<\/p>\n<p>Infec\u021bii intestinale: otr\u0103vire alimentar\u0103<br \/>\nAfec\u021biunile alimentare trebuie s\u0103 fie diferen\u021biate corect de:<br \/>\n\u2022 infec\u021bii intestinale de form\u0103 acut\u0103;<br \/>\n\u2022 exacerbarea formelor cronice ale sistemului digestiv;<br \/>\n\u2022 boli chirurgicale ale cavit\u0103\u021bii abdominale;<br \/>\n\u2022 procese patologice \u00een organele sistemului reproduc\u0103tor;<br \/>\n\u2022 infarctul miocardic;<br \/>\n\u2022 boli ale sistemului nervos central.<\/p>\n<p>Afec\u021biuni alimentare: botulismul<br \/>\nUna dintre complica\u021biile de intoxicare alimentar\u0103 este botulismul, care se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin apari\u021bia paraliziei mu\u0219chilor.<br \/>\nAlimente otr\u0103vitoare: dizenteria<br \/>\nToxiinfec\u021biile alimentare trebuie s\u0103 fie diferen\u021biate \u00een mod corect de forma dizenteriei acute. Simptomele ambelor boli sunt similare, deci trebuie s\u0103 fie o examinare minu\u021bioas\u0103 \u0219i un diagnostic corect, ceea ce va permite un tratament adecvat.<\/p>\n<h3>Boal\u0103 alimentar\u0103: tratamentul<\/h3>\n<p>Pentru a elimina din organism alimentele infectate \u0219i toxinele acestor, este necesar\u0103 sp\u0103larea stomacului, ceea ce va u\u0219ura starea pacientul \u00een primele ore dup\u0103 infec\u021bie. Dar dac\u0103 exist\u0103 atacuri de grea\u021b\u0103 \u0219i v\u0103rs\u0103turi, sp\u0103larea poate fi efectuat\u0103 mai t\u00eerziu.<br \/>\nProcedura de sp\u0103lare se realizeaz\u0103 utiliz\u00e2nd o solu\u021bie 2% de bicarbonat de sodiu sau o solu\u021bie de permanganat de potasiu de 0,12% p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd \u00eencepe s\u0103 curg\u0103 apa curat\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a restabili balan\u021ba de ap\u0103, este necesar s\u0103 folosi\u021bi solu\u021bii de sare:<br \/>\n\u2022 Regidron;<br \/>\n\u2022 Quartzol \u0219.a.<br \/>\nPacientul trebuie asigurat cu b\u0103utur\u0103 abundent\u0103, dar prin dozare mic\u0103. De asemenea, este important\u0103 o alimenta\u021bie cu un scop terapeutic, care presupune excluderea alimentelor ce irit\u0103 tractul gastro-intestinal. Pacientul trebuie s\u0103 consume alimente tocate \u0219i bine preg\u0103tite.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a compensa \u0219i corecta sistemul digestiv, urmeaz\u0103 o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 &#8211; dou\u0103 de folosit preparate enzimatice speciale:<br \/>\n\u2022 Pepsin;<br \/>\n\u2022 Festal;<br \/>\n\u2022 Pancreatin \u0219.a..<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a restabili microflora intestinal\u0103 normal\u0103, sunt necesare medicamentele:<br \/>\n\u2022 Bifikol;<br \/>\n\u2022 Colibacterin;<br \/>\n\u2022 Bifidumbacterin;<br \/>\n\u2022 Lactobacterin \u0219i altele.<\/p>\n<h3>Prevenirea bolilor<\/h3>\n<p>M\u0103suri preventive:<br \/>\n\u2022 respectarea normelor de igien\u0103 sanitar\u0103 \u00een sectorul alimentar;<br \/>\n\u2022 identificarea la timp a persoanelor care sunt bolnave de pneumonie, amigdalit\u0103, leziuni purulente ale pielii, precum \u0219i o serie de alte boli infec\u021bioase, precum \u0219i pozitiv bacteriologic;<br \/>\n\u2022 controlul veterinar al activit\u0103\u021bii fermelor unde se produc lactate, precum \u0219i starea de s\u0103n\u0103tate a bovinelor, \u00een scopul de a preveni dezvoltarea mastitei stafilococice \u0219i a altor boli la animale.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Infec\u021biile toxice cu alimente sunt boli ale grupului politeologic, care rezult\u0103 din ingerarea microorganismelor \u0219i a toxinelor acestora \u00een corpul uman \u00een timpul administr\u0103rii alimentelor. St\u0103ri tipice: stadiul incipient acut; declan\u0219are rapid\u0103; semne de intoxicare general\u0103 a corpului; simptome ale deregl\u0103rii sistemului digestiv. Afec\u021biuni alimentare: agen\u021bii patogeni Agen\u021bii patogeni ai infec\u021biilor toxice: enterotoxine de tip [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":0,"parent":43668,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-66184","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Afec\u021biunile alimentare<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Infec\u021biile toxice cu alimente sunt boli ale grupului politeologic, care rezult\u0103 din ingerarea microorganismelor \u0219i a toxinelor acestora \u00een corpul uman \u00een timpul administr\u0103rii alimentelor.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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