{"id":66203,"date":"2018-10-02T17:54:02","date_gmt":"2018-10-02T14:54:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/?page_id=66203"},"modified":"2018-10-02T17:54:02","modified_gmt":"2018-10-02T14:54:02","slug":"virusul-imunodeficientei-umane-hiv","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/ro\/boli-si-tratament\/boli-venerice\/virusul-imunodeficientei-umane-hiv\/","title":{"rendered":"Virusul imunodeficien\u021bei umane (HIV)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Virusul imunodeficien\u021bei umane (HIV) este un agent, care provoac\u0103 sindromul imunodeficien\u021bei dob\u00e2ndite (SIDA). Acest virus a fost descoperit \u00een cursul studiilor de lung\u0103 durat\u0103 de c\u0103tre Luke Montagnier \u0219i Fran\u00e7oise Barre-Sinoussi \u00een anul 1983. Pentru aceast\u0103 descoperire \u00een anul 2008 oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au primit Premiul Nobel.<\/p>\n

Investigatorii consider\u0103, c\u0103 virusul a existat \u0219i anterior \u00een natur\u0103, dar nu a fost periculos pentru corpul uman. Starea mediului \u00eenconjur\u0103tor, ecologia s\u0103rac\u0103 au condus la o muta\u021bie a acestuia \u0219i el a devenit foarte periculos pentru oameni. Infec\u021bia cu HIV a fost transmis\u0103 oamenilor de la maimu\u021be la sf\u00e2r\u0219itului secolului XIX – \u00eenceputul secolului XX..
\n\u00cen prezent sunt cunoscute patru tipuri de agen\u021bi patogeni, printre care cel mai r\u0103sp\u00eendit este HIV-1. De exemplu, HIV-2 se \u00eent\u00eelne\u0219te mai mult \u00een Africa de Vest. HIV-3 \u0219i HIV-4 au un rol foarte mic \u00een epidemia global\u0103.<\/p>\n

Agentul cauzal este periculos deoarece reduce rezisten\u021ba organismului la toate infec\u021biile \u0219i afec\u021biunile maligne, nimicind celulele sistemului imunitar uman. O persoan\u0103 poate fi infectat\u0103, dar SIDA se poate dezvolta mult mai t\u00e2rziu. P\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd persoana nu s-a \u00eemboln\u0103vit, ea poate tr\u0103i cu infec\u021bia dat\u0103 mul\u021bi ani.<\/p>\n

Din p\u0103cate, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 nu au descoperit un remediu pentru aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 teribil\u0103. Este mai u\u0219or s\u0103 v\u0103 proteja\u021bi de virus, dec\u00e2t s\u0103 trata\u021bi boala.
\nSunt medicamente care pot deprima agentul patogen \u00een organism, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t o persoan\u0103 infectat\u0103 poate duce o via\u021b\u0103 normal\u0103 mult timp.<\/p>\n

Modalit\u0103\u021bile de infectare cu HIV<\/h3>\n

Individul se poate infectata cu virusul dat prin contact cu fluxul sangvin de materiale biologice (s\u00e2nge, sperm\u0103, secre\u021bii vaginale, lapte matern) a persoanei infectate prin secre\u021biile organelor genital, mucoasei cavit\u0103\u021bii bucale, precum si prin piele afectat\u0103. Dac\u0103 o femeie infectat\u0103 e \u00eens\u0103rcinat\u0103, ea poate transmite infec\u021bia copilului.
\nModalit\u0103\u021bile de infectare:
\n\u2022 rela\u021bii sexuale ocazionale, f\u0103r\u0103 folosirea mijloacelor de protec\u021bie;
\n\u2022 utilizarea multipl\u0103 a seringii \u0219i nerespectarea sterilit\u0103\u021bii absolute.
\n\u2022 sexul anal.<\/p>\n

\u00cen zona de risc este personalul medical, care deserve\u0219te pacien\u021bii cu SIDA: el se poate infecta \u00een\u021bep\u00e2ndu-se accidental cu o sering\u0103 folosit\u0103 pentru injectarea pacientului, precum \u0219i \u00een caz de contact cu s\u00e2nge infectat a membranei mucoasei nasului, ochilor sau gurii. Pentru a v\u0103 proteja de infec\u021bia cu HIV, trebuie s\u0103 utiliza\u021bi seringi de unic\u0103 folosin\u021b\u0103, accesorii pentru manichiur\u0103 sterilizate. \u00cenfectarea poate fi prin tatuare \u0219i piersing.
\nVirusul nu tr\u0103ie\u0219te mult \u00een afara corpului uman, prin urmare e imposibil\u0103 infectarea prin atingere, str\u00e2ngere de m\u00e2n\u0103, \u00eentr-o toalet\u0103 sau transport civil.<\/p>\n

Simptomele<\/h3>\n

De regul\u0103, persoana infectat\u0103 cu HIV, nu are simptome. \u00cen cazuri izolate, se atesteaz\u0103 o cre\u0219tere a temperaturii corpului \u0219i a ganglionilor limfatici. Dar dac\u0103 dezvolt\u0103 SIDA, imunitatea scade la zero, iar cele mai inofensive boli pentru pacient pot deveni fatale. Toate infec\u021biile care \u00eenconjoar\u0103 pacientul \u00eel afecteaz\u0103. El poate face meningit\u0103, tuberculoz\u0103, encefalit\u0103, cancer sau sarcom. Acest lucru confirm\u0103 faptul c\u0103 o persoan\u0103 este bolnav\u0103 de SIDA.
\nEfectuarea la timp a testelor HIV poate ajuta la prevenirea dezvolt\u0103rii bolii.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Virusul imunodeficien\u021bei umane (HIV) este un agent, care provoac\u0103 sindromul imunodeficien\u021bei dob\u00e2ndite (SIDA). Acest virus a fost descoperit \u00een cursul studiilor de lung\u0103 durat\u0103 de c\u0103tre Luke Montagnier \u0219i Fran\u00e7oise Barre-Sinoussi \u00een anul 1983. Pentru aceast\u0103 descoperire \u00een anul 2008 oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au primit Premiul Nobel. Investigatorii consider\u0103, c\u0103 virusul a existat \u0219i anterior […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":0,"parent":43639,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-66203","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"\nVirusul imunodeficien\u021bei umane (HIV)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Virusul imunodeficien\u021bei umane (HIV) este un agent, care provoac\u0103 sindromul imunodeficien\u021bei dob\u00e2ndite (SIDA).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/ro\/boli-si-tratament\/boli-venerice\/virusul-imunodeficientei-umane-hiv\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Virusul 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