{"id":80156,"date":"2020-05-18T11:27:03","date_gmt":"2020-05-18T08:27:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/?page_id=80156"},"modified":"2020-05-18T11:27:03","modified_gmt":"2020-05-18T08:27:03","slug":"scleroma","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/ro\/boli-si-tratament\/boli-ale-sistemului-respirator\/scleroma\/","title":{"rendered":"Scleroma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>E vorba de o boal\u0103 infec\u021bioas\u0103 cu o form\u0103 cronic\u0103, care afecteaz\u0103 tractul respirator superior. Aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 printr-o dezvoltare lent\u0103, cu progresie.<\/p>\n<h3>Cauzele apari\u021biei<\/h3>\n<p>Agentul cauzal al acestei boli e bacila Frish-Volkovici. P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent nu au fost stabilite metodele de transmitere a ei. \u00cen majoritatea \u021b\u0103rilor sunt stabilite teritoriile endemice ale bolii date. \u00cen \u021b\u0103rile CSI aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 este diagnosticat\u0103 \u00een Belarus \u0219i Ucraina.<\/p>\n<h3>Simptomatologia<\/h3>\n<p>Scleromul respirator se dezvolt\u0103 \u00eentr-un ritm lent de-a lungul mai multor ani. La debutul bolii apar infiltrate ale unei structuri densificate, care au o form\u0103 de noduri \u015fi, \u00een cele mai multe cazuri, nu degenereaz\u0103 \u00een forma\u021biuni ulcerative, dar sunt localizate \u00een locurile, unde exist\u0103 o \u00eengustare fizic\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>la intrarea \u00een n\u0103ri;<\/li>\n<li>nazofaringe;<\/li>\n<li>spa\u021biul laringian de tipul sub-rabatabil;<\/li>\n<li>\u00een bifurca\u021bia traheal\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>\u00een zona bronhiilor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00cen etapele ulterioare, infiltratele \u00eencep s\u0103 se cicatrizeze, ca urmare a faptului, c\u0103 lumenul tractului respirator se \u00eengusteaz\u0103 \u0219i func\u021bionarea sistemului respirator este perturbat\u0103. \u00cen majoritatea cazurilor, scleromul afecteaz\u0103 mai multe locuri din tractul respirator, iar uneori procesul leziunii este localizat \u00eentr-un singur loc.<\/p>\n<h3>Scleromul nasului<\/h3>\n<p>Aceast\u0103 form\u0103 a bolii se mai nume\u015fte &#8211; rinosinclerom. Principalele simptome ale ei sunt senza\u021bia de usc\u0103ciune \u00een spa\u021biul nazal \u0219i congestionarea acesteia. Deoarece are loc atrofierea membranei mucoase, poate ap\u0103rea o u\u0219oar\u0103 eliberare de lichid v\u00e2scos \u0219i se pot forma cruste. Rezultatul este un miros nepl\u0103cut, care se aseam\u0103n\u0103 cu mirosul fructelor \u00een putrefac\u0163ie.<\/p>\n<p>Atunci c\u00e2nd se efectueaz\u0103 rinoscopia \u00een spa\u021biul nazal, sunt vizibile infiltratele care au form\u0103 de tubercule. Odat\u0103 cu amplasarea unor astfel de tuberculi \u00een nas, de regul\u0103, se dezvolt\u0103 deformarea suprafe\u021bei exterioare a acestuia. Se observ\u0103 \u0219i infiltrarea aripilor nasului, ele cap\u0103t\u0103 o form\u0103 proeminent\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3>Scleromul faringei<\/h3>\n<p>Aceast\u0103 form\u0103 a bolii se dezvolt\u0103 din cavitatea nazal\u0103. De regul\u0103, este afectat\u0103 zona palatului moale \u0219i apare cicatrizarea elementelor infiltrative, ceea ce la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u duce la deformarea arcadelor palatine \u00een partea posterioar\u0103 a palatului moale.<br \/>\nAdesea deformarea poate provoca leziuni ale nazofaringelui \u0219i cavit\u0103\u021bii bucale. Astfel de modific\u0103ri pot fi combinate cu anomalii ale laringelui \u0219i nasului, care sunt caracteristice acestei boli.<\/p>\n<h3>Scleromul laringian<\/h3>\n<p>Cu aceast\u0103 form\u0103 de sclerom, infiltratele sunt situate simetric pe ambele p\u0103r\u021bi \u00een spa\u021biul zonei sub-pliere, uneori se pot dezvolta \u0219i \u00een zonele:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>vestibulare;<\/li>\n<li>a pliurilor vocale;<\/li>\n<li>a cartilajului de form\u0103 solzoas\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>a epiglot\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Infiltratele deseori se cicatrizeaz\u0103 \u0219i provoac\u0103 perturbarea corzilor vocale, duc\u00e2nd la stenoza laringelui. \u00cen unele cazuri acest proces poate afecta at\u00e2t bronhiile, c\u00e2t \u0219i traheea, ceea ce duce la o form\u0103 a bolii precum bronhoscleromul.<\/p>\n<h3>Scleromul pulmonar<\/h3>\n<p>Scleromul pulmonar (pneumoscleroza pulmonar\u0103) este o form\u0103 patologic\u0103 a bolii caracterizat\u0103 prin \u00eenlocuirea \u021besutului conjunctiv pulmonar ca urmare a dezvolt\u0103rii proceselor inflamatorii \u0219i distrofice. Astfel, scleromul pulmonar provoac\u0103 deformarea bronhiilor \u0219i, de asemenea, o compactare a \u021besuturilor.<\/p>\n<h3>Diagnosticarea<\/h3>\n<p>Pentru a determina scleroamele se efectueaz\u0103 urm\u0103toarele proceduri:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>reac\u021bii de tip serologic Borde-Zhangu, Wasserman;<\/li>\n<li>histologie;<\/li>\n<li>biopsie;<\/li>\n<li>examen de sput\u0103 pentru bacilii Volkovici-Frisch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Tratamentul<\/h3>\n<p>Tratamentul const\u0103 \u00een utilizarea medicamentelor din grupul de streptomicin\u0103 \u0219i un examen radiografic. De asemenea, poate fi efectuat\u0103 interven\u021bia chirurgical\u0103.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>E vorba de o boal\u0103 infec\u021bioas\u0103 cu o form\u0103 cronic\u0103, care afecteaz\u0103 tractul respirator superior. Aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 printr-o dezvoltare lent\u0103, cu progresie. Cauzele apari\u021biei Agentul cauzal al acestei boli e bacila Frish-Volkovici. P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent nu au fost stabilite metodele de transmitere a ei. \u00cen majoritatea \u021b\u0103rilor sunt stabilite teritoriile endemice ale bolii [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":52999,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-80156","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Scleroma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"E vorba de o boal\u0103 infec\u021bioas\u0103 cu o form\u0103 cronic\u0103, care afecteaz\u0103 tractul respirator superior. 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