{"id":94809,"date":"2022-04-01T16:43:36","date_gmt":"2022-04-01T13:43:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/?p=94809"},"modified":"2022-04-01T17:24:24","modified_gmt":"2022-04-01T14:24:24","slug":"lupta-antifumat-ar-avea-nevoie-de-instrumente-noi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sanatate.md\/ro\/lupta-antifumat-ar-avea-nevoie-de-instrumente-noi\/","title":{"rendered":"Lupta antifumat ar avea nevoie de instrumente noi, cred speciali\u0219tii. Practicile altor \u021b\u0103ri"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen condi\u021biile \u00een care num\u0103rul fum\u0103torilor din Republica Moldova cre\u0219te continuu, unii medici din \u021bar\u0103 cred c\u0103 e nevoie de eforturi suplimentare \u0219i instrumente noi \u00een lupta antifumat.<\/h3>\n

\u00cen acest sens, mai mul\u021bi medici moldoveni au participat la Conferin\u021ba interna\u021bional\u0103 a Societ\u0103\u021bii de Cercetare a Nicotinei \u0219i Tutunului, unde s-a discutat \u00een special despre rolul sistemelor electronice de livrare a nicotinei. Speciali\u0219tii au avut ocazia s\u0103 analizeze studiile interna\u021bionale \u0219i experien\u021ba altor state \u00een acest domeniu. Una dintre concluziile medicilor este c\u0103 aceste dispozitive emit o cantitate mai mic\u0103 de substan\u021be chimice dec\u00e2t \u021big\u0103rile tradi\u021bionale \u0219i c\u0103 au poten\u021bialul de a diminua riscurile de dezvoltare a bolilor legate de fumat.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Noi metode de renun\u021bare la fumat<\/h3>\n

Statisticile arat\u0103 c\u0103 aproximativ 95%<\/a> dintre fum\u0103tori doresc s\u0103 renun\u021be la \u021big\u0103ri, dar nu reu\u0219esc s\u0103 o fac\u0103. Astfel, comunitatea global\u0103 este \u00een continu\u0103 c\u0103utare a unor metode noi de lupt\u0103 \u00eempotriva fumatului.<\/p>\n

Potrivit unor cercet\u0103ri, produsele medicamentoase existente, precum \u0219i gumele, plasturii cu nicotin\u0103 sau spray-urile nazale nu ar fi suficient de eficiente.<\/p>\n

Datele unui studiu arat\u0103 c\u0103 doar 20% dintre persoanele care beneficiaz\u0103 de tratament cu produse ce con\u021bin nicotin\u0103 \u0219i, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, de consiliere psihologic\u0103, ajung la abstinen\u021b\u0103 maxim\u0103 care dureaz\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 12 luni. \u00cen acest context, ini\u021biativa de atribuire a calificativului de produs medical pentru dispozitivele electronice poate aduce rezultate mult mai bune pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea public\u0103, cred unii exper\u021bi.<\/p>\n

Marea Britanie este printre primele statele care a \u00eembr\u0103\u021bi\u0219at conceptul de reducere a riscurilor, oferind fum\u0103torilor alternative mai pu\u021bin nocive \u00een compara\u021bie cu \u021big\u0103rile. Astfel, \u00een 2020, peste 120 de britanici au c\u0103utat suport pentru a renun\u021ba la fumat, dintre care aproape 72 de mii au reu\u0219it. 74% dintre ace\u0219tia au folosit sistemele electronice de livrare a nicotinei drept mijloc de a renun\u021ba.<\/p>\n

Stanislav Grosu, medic psihiatru \u00een cadrul Dispensarului Republican Necrologic din Moldova, declar\u0103 c\u0103 autorit\u0103\u021bile britanice au implementat directiva de reglementare \u0219i de standardizare a \u021big\u0103rilor electronice<\/a> care faciliteaz\u0103 accesul fum\u0103torilor la produsele f\u0103r\u0103 fum, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t ace\u0219tia s\u0103 renun\u021be la fumat sau s\u0103 diminueze consumul de \u021big\u0103ri.<\/p>\n

\u201ePosibilitatea de a integra \u00een procesul terapeutic instrumentele de reducere a daunelor fumatului, precum sunt sistemele electronice de livrare a nicotinei, poate fi benefic\u0103 \u0219i util\u0103, per ansamblu. Utilizarea pe viitor \u0219i acceptarea acestui model de tratament \u00een cadrul institu\u021biilor de s\u0103n\u0103tate din Marea Britanie va deveni o metod\u0103 complementar\u0103 sau succesoare de asisten\u021b\u0103 \u00een renun\u021barea la fumat, al\u0103turi de alte forme cunoscute, ca, de exemplu, terapia psihologic\u0103 sau terapia de substitu\u021bie a nicotinei cu produse medicamentoase existente \u0219i studiate deja de mai mult timp\u201d, sus\u021bine Stanislav Grosu.<\/p>\n

Totu\u0219i, medicul psihiatru afirm\u0103 c\u0103 sunt at\u00e2t sus\u021bin\u0103tori, c\u00e2t \u0219i oponen\u021bi ai conceptului de introducere a \u021big\u0103rilor electronice \u00een categoria produselor medicamentoase.<\/p>\n

Pe de o parte, comunitatea medical\u0103 sus\u021bine c\u0103 dispozitivele electronice pot reduce riscul de a dezvolta boli legate de fumat.<\/p>\n

\u201ePrintre avantajele clasific\u0103rii \u021big\u0103rilor electronice ca produs medicamentos sunt: nivelul sc\u0103zut de substan\u021be chimice \u00een aerosolul emanat \u00een compara\u021bie cu fumul de \u021bigar\u0103, utilizarea restr\u00e2ns\u0103 de c\u0103tre popula\u021bia nefum\u0103toare \u0219i adolescen\u021bi, eficacitate mai sporit\u0103 \u00een abandonarea tabagismului\u201d, a subliniat specialistul din Moldova.<\/p>\n

Pe de alt\u0103 parte, exper\u021bii afirm\u0103 c\u0103 este nevoie de studii pe termen lung privind impactul produselor f\u0103r\u0103 fum asupra fum\u0103torilor.<\/p>\n

Ce arat\u0103 studiile privind dispozitivele electronice de livrare a nicotinei?<\/h3>\n

Cercet\u0103torul \u0219tiin\u021bific superior \u00een domeniu toxicologiei Iano\u0219 Core\u021bchi a analizat studiile privind componen\u021ba acrilamidei \u00een fumul de \u021bigar\u0103 \u0219i \u00een aerosolul dispozitivelor de \u00eenc\u0103lzire a tutunului. Acrilamida este o substan\u021b\u0103 chimic\u0103 care se poate forma \u00een unele alimente, \u00een principal \u00een cele pe baz\u0103 de plante, \u00een timpul procesului de preparare la temperaturi ridicate.<\/p>\n

\u201eFumul de \u021bigar\u0103 con\u021bine un \u0219ir de substan\u021be periculoase, inclusiv acrilamida<\/a>, care este un cancerigen periculos \u0219i poten\u021bial periculos ce poate provoca boli asociate fumatului. Astfel, un grup de cercet\u0103tori au evaluat riscul de dezvoltare a cancerului asociat expunerii la acrilamid\u0103\u201d, a declarat Iano\u0219 Core\u021bchi.<\/p>\n

Potrivit specialistului, \u00een cadrul studiului a fost apreciat\u0103 expunerea la acrilamida<\/a> con\u021binut\u0103 \u00een \u021big\u0103rile conven\u021bionale \u0219i \u00een produsele din tutun \u00eenc\u0103lzit, utiliz\u00e2nd c\u00e2teva scenarii. Riscul de dezvoltare a bolilor asociate expunerii a fost evaluat folosind dou\u0103 abord\u0103ri: marja de expunere \u0219i riscul incremental de cancer pe parcursul vie\u021bii.<\/p>\n

Potrivit studiului, cantitatea de acrilamid\u0103 emis\u0103 de produsele din tutun \u00eenc\u0103lzit este de 5 ori mai mic\u0103 comparativ cu cea din \u021big\u0103rile conven\u021bionale. Utiliz\u00e2nd modelul marjei de expunere, autorii au determinat c\u0103 \u021big\u0103rile conven\u021bionale prezint\u0103 risc de dezvoltare a cancerului pulmonar, asociat expunerii la acrilamid\u0103 \u0219i utiliz\u0103rii a mai mult de 10 \u021big\u0103ri pe zi, iar utilizarea a 5-40 de stick-uri pe zi cu dispozitive de \u00eenc\u0103lzire a tutunului nu este asociat\u0103 cu un poten\u021bial risc cancerigen.<\/p>\n

\u201eConcluzia mea este c\u0103 aplic\u00e2nd modelul riscului incremental de cancer pe parcursul vie\u021bii s-a eviden\u021biat un risc carcinogen estimat mai mic pentru produsele din tutun \u00eenc\u0103lzit fa\u021b\u0103 de \u021big\u0103rile conven\u021bionale\u201d, men\u021bioneaz\u0103 Iano\u0219 Core\u021bchi.<\/p>\n

Un alt studiu realizat de o echip\u0103 de cercet\u0103tori americani vizeaz\u0103 fumatul \u0219i bolile cardiovasculare (BCV). \u00cen cadrul studiului au fost evalua\u021bi biomarkerii care cauzeaz\u0103 aceste afec\u021biuni \u00een r\u00e2ndul utilizatorilor exclusivi de sisteme de \u00eenc\u0103lzire a tutunului, fum\u0103tori exclusivi \u0219i persoane nefum\u0103toare.<\/p>\n

\u201eAutorii au constatat ca utilizatorii de produse de tutun \u00eenc\u0103lzit, inclusiv fo\u0219tii fum\u0103tori, au avut concentra\u021bii mai mici de biomarkeri de stres inflamator \u0219i oxidativ asocia\u021bi cu riscul de BCV dec\u00e2t fum\u0103torii, iar parametrii au fost comparabili cu cele ale nefum\u0103torilor, suger\u00e2nd c\u0103 riscul crescut de BCV al fum\u0103torului este cauzat, \u00een principal, de constituen\u021bii din fumul de \u021bigar\u0103, al\u021bii dec\u00e2t nicotina, \u0219i c\u0103 trecerea la sistemele de \u00eenc\u0103lzire a tutunului este probabil asociat\u0103 cu un risc mai sc\u0103zut de boli cardiovasculare\u201d, a declarat cardiologul-interven\u021bionist din cadrul Institutului de Cardiologie Eugen Calenici.<\/p>\n

Cum r\u0103m\u00e2ne cu nicotina?<\/h3>\n

Iacob Locoman, medic oncolog \u00een cadrul Institutului Oncologic din Moldova, a analizat cea mai nou\u0103 abordare a Administra\u021biei pentru Alimente \u0219i Medicamente din SUA (FDA), care promoveaz\u0103 \u021big\u0103rile cu con\u021binut sc\u0103zut de nicotin\u0103 drept instrument de reducere a riscurilor.<\/p>\n

Medicul men\u021bioneaz\u0103 c\u0103 exist\u0103 studii care demonstreaz\u0103 efectul cert d\u0103un\u0103tor al fumatului \u0219i a compu\u0219ilor toxici din \u021big\u0103ri asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii, \u00eens\u0103, potrivit acestuia, nicotina nu cauzeaz\u0103 cancer pulmonar \u0219i are un efect minim asupra sistemului cardiovascular, cre\u00e2nd doar dependen\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

Autorit\u0103\u021bile americane informeaz\u0103 publicul c\u0103 rolul \u021big\u0103rilor cu con\u021binut redus de nicotin\u0103 este de a reduce poten\u021bial dependen\u021ba, \u00eens\u0103 nu face \u021big\u0103rile mai sigure. Un astfel de produs folosit de fum\u0103torii actuali poate reduce num\u0103rul de \u021big\u0103ri fumate pe parcursul timpului.<\/p>\n

\u201eStrategia FDA \u021binte\u0219te reducerea nivelului de nicotin\u0103 \u00een \u021big\u0103rile clasice, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 provoace mai pu\u021bin\u0103 dependen\u021b\u0103 sau s\u0103 nu o creeze deloc. Totodat\u0103, fum\u0103torii care nu pot renun\u021ba la fumat o s\u0103 treac\u0103 mai rapid \u0219i u\u0219or la produsele alternative f\u0103r\u0103 fum (\u021big\u0103ri electronice, sisteme de \u00eenc\u0103lzire a tutunului, snus) \u00een care nivelul de nicotin\u0103 va fi p\u0103strat. Prin faptul c\u0103 aceste alternative nu ard tutunul, ele nu genereaz\u0103 nici fum. Aerosolul eliberat con\u021bine mai pu\u021bine substan\u021be nocive \u0219i \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi mai reduse (90-95%) dec\u00e2t \u00een fumul de \u021bigar\u0103\u201d, afirm\u0103 Iacob Locoman.<\/p>\n

Potrivit Organiza\u021biei Mondiale a S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii, \u00een 2020, circa 27,5% din popula\u021bia Moldovei sunt fum\u0103tori. Organiza\u021bia estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2025, aceast\u0103 rat\u0103 va ajunge la 28,5%. Datele publicate \u00eentr-un raport al OMS arat\u0103 c\u0103 num\u0103rul fum\u0103torilor continu\u0103 s\u0103 creasc\u0103 \u00een doar \u0219ase \u021b\u0103ri ale lumii. Este vorba despre patru state din estul mediteraneean (Egipt, Iordania, Liban \u0219i Oman), unul din regiunea african\u0103 (Congo) \u0219i o \u021bar\u0103 este din regiunea european\u0103, fiind vorba despre Republica Moldova.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen condi\u021biile \u00een care num\u0103rul fum\u0103torilor din Republica Moldova cre\u0219te continuu, unii medici din \u021bar\u0103 cred c\u0103 e nevoie de eforturi suplimentare \u0219i instrumente noi \u00een lupta antifumat. \u00cen acest sens, mai mul\u021bi medici moldoveni au participat la Conferin\u021ba interna\u021bional\u0103 a Societ\u0103\u021bii de Cercetare a Nicotinei \u0219i Tutunului, unde s-a discutat \u00een special despre rolul […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":594,"featured_media":94810,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1276,1332],"tags":[6645,7305,4408],"class_list":{"0":"post-94809","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-noutati","8":"category-sanatate-noutati","9":"tag-fumatul","10":"tag-republica-moldova","11":"tag-sanatate-ro"},"yoast_head":"\nLupta antifumat ar avea nevoie de instrumente noi, cred speciali\u0219tii. 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